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Indiana University School of Medicine
Indiana University School of Medicine
Emergency Medicine
Fellows in the Medical Toxicology Fellowship program have the opportunity to participate in either a research project or scholarly activity with faculty mentorship.

Medical Toxicology Research Project or Scholarly Activity

Fellows in the Medical Toxicology Fellowship program will understand the strengths and weaknesses of published research by participating in either a research project or scholarly activity with faculty mentorship. 

  • Research Project: Basic science projects or animal, clinical and poison center research
  • Scholarly Activity: Publication of a case report, case series or review article in toxicology. 

During the second year of the fellowship, necessary "protected" time will be provided for research and scholarly activities. 

Presentations and Symposia

  • Fellows submit posters/platforms to national toxicology meetings - either the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology in the fall of the American College of Medical Toxicology Annual Scientific Meeting in the spring. 
  • Fellows have the opportunity to present to the national audiences via the ACMT National Journal Club and National Case Conference. 
  • Fellows have the opportunity to present at local venues such as the Indiana Poison Center toxicology symposium, Emergency Medicine Research Day, the Department of Emergency Medicine Grand Rounds and the Department of Emergency Medicine Student Clerkship. 
  • A world-class simulation center is frequently utilized for education.
louise kao presenting a poster at a national meeting
toxicology group at the state museum poison exhibit

Pizon AF, Kao L, Wax P.  The Voice of Medical Toxicology:  Celebrating 20 years of the Journal of Medical Toxicology. J Med Toxicol. 20(2): 79-80 (2024 Apr).  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-024-01001-4. Epub March 2024

Kao L, Tormoehlen L, Froberg B.  Chronic Poisoning:  Trace Metals and others.  In: Goldman L & Schaefer AI (eds): Cecil-Goldman Medicine, 27th Ed. 2023; Philadelphia PA:  Elsevier Inc, In Press 

Huber S, Avera R, Penfound S, Overberg A, Nañagas K. Safety of Physostigmine for Pediatric Antimuscarinic Poisoning. Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2024 Jan 24:1-8.

Nañagas KA, Tormoehlen L. Elsevier: Clinical Overview: Hydrocarbon Toxicity. Updated Jan 20, 2024. Hydrocarbon Toxicity – ClinicalKey

Pizon, A.F., Kao, L., Mycyk, M.B. et al. Demand for Medical Toxicology Fellowship Training Is at an All-Time High. J. Med. Toxicol. Dec 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-022-00920-4

Nanagas K, Penfound S, Kao L.  Carbon Monoxide Toxicity.  Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, April 2022; ISSN 0733-8627, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2022.01.005.

ToxIC Pediatric Opioid Exposure Study Group (Froberg B is a member). Predictors of severe outcome following opioid intoxication in children. Toxicol (Phila). 2022 Mar 25:1-6. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2038188. Online ahead of print. PMID: 35333145

Goldfine C, Lung D, Beauchamp G, O'Connor A, Stolbach A, Kao L, Judge B, Wax P, Patwari R, Kazzi Z. Consensus Development of a Core Content for a Standardized Medical Toxicology Curriculum for Medical Students. J Med Toxicol. Jan 2022 . doi: 10.1007/s13181-021-00874-z. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35089533.

Kao, L., Burns, M., Murphy, C. et al. Opening Doors to Training Medical Toxicology Fellows from All Residency Backgrounds. J. Med. Toxicol. 18, 1–3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-021-00870-3

Campbell NL, Pitts C, Corvari C, Kaehr E, Alamer K, Chand P, Nañagas KA, Callahan CM, Boustani MA. Deprescribing anticholinergics in primary care older adults: Experience from two models and impact on a continuous measure of exposure. J Am Coll Clin Pharm 2022; in press

Acharya SP, Purpura A, Kao L, House DR. Incidence and risk factors for carbon monoxide poisoning in an emergency department in Nepal, Toxicology Communications, 2022: 6:1, 13-19, DOI: 10.1080/24734306.2021.2010955

Ponce, A, Nañagas KA. ACMT Toxicology Visual Pearls: Substance Induced Crystalluria: Not All that Glitters is Gold. Published online at: Academic Life in Emergency Medicine (ALiEM) on May 6, 2022. Available at: ACMT Toxicology Visual Pearl | Substance-Induced Crystalluria: All That Glitters Is Not Gold (aliem.com)

ACEP Task Force Report on Hyperactive Delirium with Severe Agitation.  Hatten BW et al.  Louise Kao is a member of the ACEP Multispecialty Hyperactive Delirium Review Panel.  Published online July 2021 at: https://www.acep.org/siteassets/new-pdfs/education/acep-task-force-report-on-hyperactive-delirium-final.pdf

Kaczor EE, Green K, Zacharia J, Tormoehlen L, Neavyn M, Carriero S. The Potential Proconvulsant Effects of Cannabis: a Scoping Review.  Journal of Medical Toxicology 2022, Mar 29. doi: 10.1007/s13181-022-00886-3

Brenner M, Nañagas KA, Froberg B, O'Malley GF. Acetaminophen poisoning. IN: Goldsmith LA, ed. Visual Dx; 2022. URL: Acetaminophen poisoning (iu.edu)

Unroe KT, Evans R, Weaver L, Rusyniak D, Blackburn J. Willingness of Long-Term Care Staff to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine: A Single State Survey. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021 Mar;69(3):593-599. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17022. Epub 2021 Jan 13. PMID: 33370448.

Taylor GM, Avera RS, Strachan CC, Briggs CM, Medler JP, Pafford CM, Gant TB. Severe methemoglobinemia secondary to isobutyl nitrite toxicity: the case of the 'Gold Rush'. Oxf Med Case Reports. 2021 Feb 15;2021(2):omaa136. doi: 10.1093/omcr/omaa136. PMID: 33614047; PMCID: PMC7885148.

Ross B, Nanagas K.  ALIEM ACMT Visual Pearls “In Spore taste.” Published April 7 2021, available at https://www.aliem.com/acmt-toxicology-visual-pearls-in-spore-taste/ 

Tormoehlen LM. Serotonin Syndrome Versus NMS. Expert Q&A. The Carlat Report: Hospital Psychiatry1(1&2): 1-4, 2021

Avera R & Furbee B.  Newer Anticonvulsants.  In: Wolfson AB ed: Harwood Nuss’s Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine 7th Edition 2021; Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia PA.

Nanagas K & Tormoehlen L.  Hydrocarbons. In: Wolfson AB ed: Harwood Nuss’s Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine 7th Edition 2021; Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia PA.

Overberg B, Shepherd G, Mowry J.  Isoniazid Toxicity.  In:  Irwin R, Lilly C, Mayo P, Rippe E Eds: Irwin & Rippe’s Intensive Care Medicine, 9th Edition, Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia PA.  In Press

Tormoehlen LM. Emergencies in Neurotoxicology. Emergency Neurology, 2nd Edition, 2021. Roos KL, editor.

Haut L, Radhakrishnan R, Lutfi R, Kao L, Ackerman L.  Acute Cytotoxic Cerebellar Edema Subsequent to Fentanyl Patch Intoxication in an Infant.  Case Reports in Critical Care 2021. Article ID 9449565, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9449565

O'Reilly LM, Froberg BA, Gian CT, D'Onofrio BM, Simon KI. The Affordable Care Act Young Adult Mandate and Suicidal Behavior. Med Care Res Rev. 2020 Nov 19:1077558720974144. doi: 10.1177/1077558720974144. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33213274.

Phillips HN, Tormoehlen L. Toxin-Induced Seizures. Neurol Clin. 2020 Nov;38(4):867-879. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.07.004. Epub 2020 Sep 12. PMID: 33040866.

Luo S, Williams E, Quach D, Daigh A, Kao L.  N-Acetylcysteine and Fomepizole dosing with High Flow CRRT:  A Case Series.  Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, April 14, 2024, Washington DC.  Abstract at: 2024 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts – Washington, DC. J. Med. Toxicol. 20, 86–192 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-024-00990-6

Lima R, Wallace A, Talaga Z, Wermuth M.  Necrosis and Amputation following Black Locust Tree Dermal Penetration. Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, April 13, 2024, Washington DC.  Abstract at: 2024 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts – Washington, DC. J. Med. Toxicol. 20, 86–192 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-024-00990-6

Lima R, Osborne R, Wermuth M.  Pediatric Brexpiprazole Ingesion Presenting with Prolonged Sedation and Delayed Symptoms.  Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, April 14, 2024, Washington DC.  Abstract at: 2024 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts – Washington, DC. J. Med. Toxicol. 20, 86–192 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-024-00990-6

Lou S & Kao L.  Oral Potassium Overdose causing Cardiac Arrest – A Rare Case.  Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, San Diego CA, March 2023

Daigh A & Wermuth M.  Toxicology Two-Face – Unilateral Phytophotodermatitis after Ingestion of Chlorella Algae and Exposure to Red Light Therapy. Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, San Diego CA, March 2023

Daigh A & Wermuth M. Pharmacogenetic Evaluation of an Adverse Drug Reaction to Carvedilol. Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, San Diego CA, March 2023

Daigh A, Puryear S, Tormoehlen L. Saw Scale Viper (Echis carinatus sochureki) envenomation successfully treated with Inoserp© MENA, and experience with the AZA Antivenom Index. Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, San Diego CA, March 2023

Brenner M, Ponce A, Avera R, Kao L.  Methemobloginemia following Massive Intentional Antifreeze Ingestion.  Poster presentation at:  North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, San Francisco CA, September 2022.

Daigh A, Kabala A, Tormoehlen L.  Cardiomyopathy and Hepatotoxicity Related to Kraton Use.  Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, March 2022

Brenner M, Froberg A. Cardiovascular Complications of Massive THC Ingestion in a Pediatric Patient. Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, March 2022

Puryear S, Brenner M, Acciani A, Wermuth M.  Severe Complications Encountered in Massive Amlodipine Overdoses Treated with Veno-Arterial ECMO. Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, March 2022

Brenner M, Williams C, Patel S, Wermuth M. Ibuprofen Poisoning with Refractory Shock Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, March 2022

Brenner M, Avera R.  Delayed Acetaminophen Poisoning treated with Adjunctive 4-Methylpyrazole Therapy.  Poster presentation at:  ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, March 2022

Tormoehlen LM, Schmalz N, Torbeck L. Consulting Physician Satisfaction: A Collaborative Survey Between Hospital-based Neurologists and Internists to Inform Quality of Care. Poster presentation at:  2nd Annual Indiana University School of Medicine Education Day, virtual, April 2021 

Ross B, Kao L, Froberg B.  Inhalational injury and diffuse airway edema after inhalation of zinc oxide.  Poster presentation at:  North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, virtual, October 2021

Ross B, Froberg B.  Retrospective review of fomepizole administration in pediatric patients through NPDS.  Poster presentation at:  North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, virtual, October 2021

Brenner M, Penfound S, Kao L.  Medical Outcomes of Combined Methamphetamine and Opioid Exposures Compared to Single Substance Methamphetamine or Opioid Exposures Reported to a Single Poison Center. Poster presentation at:  North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, virtual, October 2021

Brenner M, Penfound J, Froberg B.  Intentional Adolescent Exposures Reported to a Single Poison Center in Pre-COVID and Post-COVID Eras.  Poster presentation at:  North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, virtual, October 2021

Ponce A, Ross B, Brenner M, Nanagas K, Kao L, Overberg A.  A Tale of Two Botulism Cases.  Poster presentation at:  North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, virtual, October 2021

Ponce A, Ross B, Overberg A, Acciani J. Methanol added to ethanol as an abuse deterrent. Poster presentation at:  North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, virtual, October 2021

Ross B, Froberg B, Beam D.  Intentional Bromethalin Ingestion Resulting in Lactic Acidosis and Severe Delayed CNS Depression.  Poster presentation at:  American College of Medical Toxicology Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, April 2021

Brenner M & Wermuth M.  Pediatric Patient Treated with Outpatient Uridine Triacetate after Capecitabine Exposure.  Poster presentation at:  American College of Medical Toxicology Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, April 2021

Brenner M & Wermuth M. Drug Induced Psychosis due to Combination of Additive Corticosteroid Use and Selinexor.  Poster presentation at:  American College of Medical Toxicology Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, April 2021

Brenner M, Avera R, Acciani J.  A Rare Case of Massive APAP Poisoning Resulting in Methemoglobinemia. Poster presentation at:  American College of Medical Toxicology Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, April 2021

Kao L. Residency Background of Medical Toxicology Fellows Within the Past 5 years.  Poster presentation at:  American College of Medical Toxicology Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, April 2021

Goldfine C, Lung D, Beauchamp G, Oconnor A, Stolbach A, Kao L, Judge B, Wax P, Patwari R, Kazzi Z. Consensus Development of a Core Content for a Standardized Medical Toxicology Curriculum for Medical Students. Poster presentation at:  American College of Medical Toxicology Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, April 2021 

Kao L.  Coordinator and Moderator: Transatlantic Toxicology Talks: Collaborative webinar with European Association of Poison Centers and Clinical Toxicologists and American College of Medical Toxicology. February 7, 2024, webinar available at: https://www.acmt.net/event/2024-acmt-eapcct/

Nanagas K. Over the counter misused substances, University of Cincinnati Division of Medical Toxicology, February 2024

Nanagas K.  Public health response to brodifacoum contaminated synthetic cannabinoid outbreak, University of Virginia Division of Medical Toxicology, February 2024

Nanagas K.  Financial Literacy for Fellows. Presented at: North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, Montreal Canada, September 2023

Daigh A.  Presenter, Critical Care Case Panel:  Saw Scale Viper Envenomation.  Accepted for presentation at: ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, San Diego CA, April 1, 2023

Kao L.  Moderator, Lightning Oral Presentations, North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, San Francisco CA, September 16, 2022

Kao L, Brenner M & Daigh A.  ACMT National Journal Club, Carnitine and Valproic Acid, May 10, 2022.  Available at: American College of Medical Toxicology: National Journal Club - May 2022 (acmt.net)

Tormoehlen L.  Assessment of Brain Death While Considering Toxicology Mimics. AACT Plenary lecture, Middle East and North Africa Toxicology Meeting (MENATOX), Muscat, Sultanate of Oman May 13, 2022

Nanagas K.  EM Billing and Coding.  Ohio State University College of Medicine, April 2022, virtual

Kao L.  Presenter, ACMT Member Recognition and Awards Meeting, ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting March 9, 2022, virtual

Kao L.  Moderated Poster Presentation.  Presented at: American College of Medical Toxicology Annual Scientific Meeting, Virtual, April 2021

Furbee B.  Organizer, American College of Medical Toxicology Seminar in Forensic Toxicology:  A Look Forward at New Psychoactive Substances and a Look BAC at Ethanol. December 2021

Nanagas K.  Panelist, Dual Career Couples.  Presented at:  American Medical Women’s Association Annual Meeting, March 2021

Nanagas, K.  Discussant at a speed mentoring session. ”Interprofessional Consults” –AAPCC Mid-Year Director’s Meeting, March 2021

Kao L.  Presenter, Tox or Not?  Emory Grand Rounds, October 12, 2021

Tormoehlen L.  When the Dragon Chases You: Drug Induced Leukoencephalopathy. ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting, March 2020, virtual

Furbee B.  The Socrates Project; Poisonous Plants in Virginia.  Virginia State University Grand Rounds, December 2020

Kao L. Moderator: American College of Medical Toxicology COVID-19 Webinar Series:  Blood Clots in the Era of Covid-19. Jeff Kline.  Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQ56PJ4jV7k   September 2, 2020