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Center Programs

SOQIC is primarily engaged in surgical outcomes research and quality improvement, with interests in comparative effectiveness, implementation science, and health policy. Our research encompasses all surgical specialties and areas of medicine, with a particular focus on general surgery, surgical oncology and multidisciplinary oncology care, trauma and critical care, and vascular surgery. Our team has been incredibly successful in generating hundreds of publications in top-tier journals and acquiring many grants, including project grants, career development awards, and training grants.

Overview

The Surgical Education Numbered Trials (SENT) group leads National and International studies focused on improving the surgical residency experience and well-being for trainees. Continuing on the success of the Flexibility in Duty Hour Requirement for Surgical Trainees (FIRST) trial, 2019 saw the launch of The Surgical Education Culture Optimization through targeted interventions based on National comparative Data (SECOND) trial. In 2023, the SENT group will be launching the THIRD Trial, a project focused on expanding the improvement of organizational culture to better the work and learning environment in surgical departments and help address pressing issues with Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in surgery. THIRD will also include a focus on faculty.  The SENT projects work with 225 surgical departments in the United States and Canada, providing them with key performance data and ready to implement interventions designed to improve culture and wellness in surgical programs. 

 

The SENT program is a collaboration with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), the American College of Surgeons (ACS), the American Board of Surgery (ABS) and the Association of Program Directors in Surgery (APDS).


Research Team

  • Lead faculty: Karl Bilimoria, MD, MS and Yue-Yung Hu, MD, MPH

  • Collaborating Faculty: Julie Johnson, MSPH, PhD; Gaurava Agarwal, MD; David Hoyt, MD; Thomas Nasca, MD; Josh Eng, PhD; Egide Abahuje, MD; Dawn Coleman, MD; Malachi Sheahan III, MD; Heather Ballard, MD; Audrey Rosenblatt, PhD, cRNA; Dimitrios Stefanidis, MD

  • Current Fellows: Maya Hunt, MD; Kristen Kaiser, MD; Jackson Baril, MD; Meghan Lark, MD; Austin Airhart, MD; Alexa Hughes, MD; Andrew Thyen, MD; Sarah Huber, MD

  • Past Fellows: Ryan Ellis, MD; Brock Heweitt, MD; Tarik Yuce, MD; Rhami Khorfan, MD; Cary Jo Schlick, MD; Lindsey Zhang, MD; Meixi Ma, MD; Brian Brajcich, MD; Matt Chia, MD; Chelsea Fischer, MD; Rachel Joung, MD; Andrew Hu, MD; Debbie Li, MD; Brian Nasca, MD; Bona Ko, MD; Jennifer Delgado, MD; Darci Foote, MD; Chrisine Wu, MD; Samuel Linton, MD; Casey Silver, MD; Michael Visenio, MD; Eric Pillado, MD; Samantha Warwar, MD; Kimberly Golisch, MD; Joanna Swinarska, MD; Lauren Janczewski, MD; Catherine Valukas, MD; Suhail Zeineddin, MD

  • Staff: Daniela Amórtegui, MA; Natalia Mackiewicz, BA; Nate Monson, MS; Tia Zhan, MS. 


Funding Sources

The SECOND Trial is a partnership among the following:

  • Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)

  • American College of Surgeons (ACS)

  • American Board of Surgery (ABS)

  • Association of Program Directors in Surgery (APDS)

  • Society of Surgical Chairs (SSC)

  • Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)


Selected High-Impact Publications

Bilimoria KY, Chung JW, Hedges LV, Dahlke AR, Love R, Cohen ME, Hoyt DB, Yang AD, Tarpley JL, Mellinger JD, Mahvi DM, Kelz RR, Ko CY, Odell DD, Stulberg JJ, Lewis FR. National Cluster-Randomized Trial of Duty-Hour Flexibility in Surgical Training. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(8):713-27.

Rajaram R, Chung JW, Jones AT, et al. Association of the 2011 ACGME resident duty hour reform with general surgery patient outcomes and with resident examination performance. JAMA. 2014;312(22):2374-2384.

Dahlke AR, Quinn CM, Chung JW, Bilimoria KY. Surgical Residents' Work Hours and Well-Being in Year 2 of the FIRST Trial. NEngl J Med. 2017;377(2):192-194.

Hu Y-Y, Ellis RJ, Hewitt DB, Yang AD, Cheung EO, Moskowitz JT, Potts JR, Buyske J, Hoyt DB, Nasca TJ, Bilimoria KY. Discrimination, Abuse, Harassment, and Burnout in Surgical Residency Training. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(18):1741-1752.

Zhang LM, Ellis RJ, Ma M, Cheung EO, Buyske J, Hoyt DB, Bilimoria KY, Hu YY. Prevalence, Types, and Sources of Bullying Reported by US General Surgery Residents in 2019. JAMA. 2020; 323(20): 2093-2095.

Zhang LM, Cheung EO, Eng JS, Ma M, Etkin CD, Agarwal G, Shanafelt TD, Riall TS, Nasca T, Bilimoria KY, Hu YY, Johnson JK. Development of a Conceptual Model for Understanding the Learning Environment and Surgical Resident Well-Being. Am. J. Surg. 2020; 221(2):323-30.


Ellis RJ, Hewitt DB, Hu YY, Johnson JK, Merkow RP, Yang AD, Potts JR, Hoyt DB, Buyske J, Bilimoria KY. An Empirical National Assessment of the Learning Environment and Factors Associated With Program Culture. Annals of Surgery. 2019;270(4):585-592.

Heiderscheit EA, Schlick CJ, Ellis RJ, Cheung EO, Irizarry D, Amortegui D, Sosa JA, Hoyt DB, Buyske J, Nasca TJ, Bilimoria KY, Hu YY. Experiences of LGBTQ Residents in U.S. General Surgery Programs. JAMA Surg. 2021;157(1)23-32. PMID:34668969.

Schlick C, Ellis RJ, Etkin CD, Greenberg CC, Greenberg JA, Turner PL, Buyske J, Hoyt DB, Nasca T, Bilimoria KY, Hu YY.Experiences of Gender Discrimination and Sexual Harassment among U.S. General Surgery Residents. JAMA Surg. 2021;156(10):942-52. PMID:34319377.

Joung RH, Amortegui D, Silver CS, Mackiewicz NI, Eng JS, Rosenkranz KM, Johnson J, Bilimoria KY, Hu YY. A National Mixed- Methods Evaluation of General Surgery Residency Program Responsiveness and the Association with Resident Wellness. JSurg Educ. 2022.

Yuce TK, Turner PL, Glass C, Hoyt DB, Nasca T, Bilimoria KY, Hu YY. National Evaluation of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in US Surgical Residency Programs. JAMA Surg. 2020; 155(6):526-8.

Overview

Our work focuses on multidisciplinary groups of oncology care providers and quality leaders who seek to align and improve cancer care across the system. We aim to equip hospitals and individual providers with skills to identify their local performance gaps in cancer care in a rigorous manner based on high-quality data, and then implement solutions to those problems using established process improvement methods. The collaboratives will ultimately measurably improve adherence to best practice guidelines, quality of care, and outcomes while reducing variation and costs arising from unsafe, inefficient, or inappropriate care. Moreover, our group is known for several landmark studies in oncology outcomes and cancer care delivery.

Leveraging our work within the IU Health system, we have founded the Iliana Cancer Collaborative (ILCC), a first-of-its kind statewide cancer collaborative. Its mission is to convene a multidisciplinary learning collaborative of Illinois and Indiana hospitals improving the safety and quality of care for cancer patients. The ILCC offers novel strategies to support effective QI in oncology: (1) guided implementation and mentoring of QI projects, (2) high-quality, Illinois-specific comparative data augmenting the NCDB, (3) cancer-specific QI resources and education, (4) statewide sharing of best practices.


Research Team

  • Lead faculty: Anthony Yang, MD, MS

  • Collaborating Faculty: Numerous faculty members across departments, hospitals, and specialties

  • Staff: Brianna D’Orazio, MPH


Funding Sources

  • This work has been funded by the NIH/NCI, AHRQ, American Cancer Society, NCCN, and the IU Department of Surgery.

  • Statewide collaboratives are supported by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Illinois and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01HS024516) and reflect a partnership with the American College of Surgeons.


Selected High-Impact Publications

Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY, Stewart AK, Winchester DP, Talamonti MS. National failure to operate on early stage pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg. 2007;246(2):173-80. PubMed PMID: 17667493; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1933550.

Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY, Stewart AK, Winchester DP, Talamonti MS, Sturgeon C. Extent of surgery affects survival for papillary thyroid cancer. Ann Surg. 2007;246(3):375-84. PubMed PMID: WOS:000249174900004.

Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Stewart AK, Talamonti MS, Winchester DP, Russell TR, Ko CY. Lymph node evaluation as a colon cancer quality measure: a national hospital report card. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(18):1310-7. PubMed PMID: 18780863; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2720724.

Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Lillemoe KD, Talamonti MS, Ko CY, Canc ACSP. Assessment of Pancreatic Cancer Care in the United States Based on Formally Developed Quality Indicators. J Natl Cancer I. 2009;101(12):848-59. PubMed PMID: WOS:000267225000007.

Bilimoria KY, Raval MV, Bentrem DJ, Wayne JD, Balch CM, Ko CY. National assessment of melanoma care using formally developed quality indicators. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(32):5445-51. PubMed PMID: 19826131.

Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Talamonti MS, Stewart AK, Winchester DP, Ko CY. Risk-based selective referral for cancer surgery: a potential strategy to improve perioperative outcomes. Ann Surg. 2010;251(4):708-16. PubMed PMID: 19898231.

Merkow RP, Yang AD, Pavey E, Song MW, Chung JW, Bentrem DJ, Bilimoria KY. Comparison of Hospitals Affiliated With PPS-Exempt Cancer Centers, Other Hospitals Affiliated With NCI-Designated Cancer Centers, and Other Hospitals That Provide Cancer Care. JAMA Intern Med. 2019.

Odell DD, Feinglass J, Engelhardt K, Papastefan S, Meyerson SL, Bharat A, DeCamp MM, Bilimoria KY. Evaluation of adherence to the Commission on Cancer lung cancer quality measures. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;157(3):1219-1235.

Ellis RJ, Ho JW, Schlick CJR, Merkow RP, Bentrem DJ, Bilimoria KY, Yang AD. National Use of Chemotherapy in Initial Management of Stage I Pancreatic Cancer and Failure to Perform Subsequent Resection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020;27(3):909-918.

 

Overview

Evaluating the impact of policy initiatives on healthcare quality measurement, improvement and delivery has been a focus area of IU SOQIC, and this work has resulted in numerous changes in national quality measurement, pay-for-performance programs, and public hospital quality rating systems.


Research Team

  • Lead faculty: Karl Bilimoria, MD, MS

  • Collaborating Faculty: Jeanette Chung, PhD; Ryan Merkow, MD, MS


Funding Sources

  • IU SOQIC’s Health Policy efforts have been supported by the NIH, AHRQ, the American College of Surgeons, and Northwestern Medicine. 


Selected High-Impact Publications

Yuce TK, Chung JW, Barnard C, Bilimoria KY. Association of State Certificate of Need Regulation With Procedural Volume, Market Share, and Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries. JAMA. 2020;324(20):2058–2068. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.21115

Chung JW, Dahlke AR, Barnard C, DeLancey JO, Merkow RP, Bilimoria KY. The Centers For Medicare And Medicaid Services Hospital Ratings: Pitfalls Of Grading On A Single Curve. Health Affairs. 2019; 38(9): 1523-1529. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05345

DeLancey JO, Softcheck J, Chung JW, Barnard C, Dahlke AR, Bilimoria KY. Associations Between Hospital Characteristics, Measure Reporting, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Overall Hospital Quality Star Ratings. JAMA. 2017 May 16;317(19):2015-2017. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.3148. PMID: 28510670; PMCID: PMC5815009.

Bilimoria KY, Birkmeyer JD, Burstin H, Dimick JB, Joynt Maddox KE, Dahlke AR, DeLancey JO, Pronovost PJ. Rating the Raters: An Evaluation of Publicly Reported Hospital Quality Rating Systems. New England Journal of Medicine Catalyst. 2019; 2642-0007.

Asch DA, Bilimoria KY, Desai SV. Resident Duty Hours and Medical Education Policy — Raising the Evidence Bar. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;376(18):1704-6. PubMed PMID: 28402246.

Bilimoria KY. Facilitating Quality Improvement: Pushing the Pendulum Back Toward Process Measures. JAMA. 2015;314(13):1333-4. PubMed PMID: 26441175.

Merkow RP, Ju MH, Chung JW, Hall BL, Cohen ME, Williams MV, Tsai TC, Ko CY, Bilimoria KY. Underlying reasons associated with hospital readmission following surgery in the United States. JAMA. 2015;313(5):483-95. PubMed PMID: 25647204.

Rajaram R, Barnard C, Bilimoria KY. Concerns about using the patient safety indicator-90 composite in pay-for-performance programs. JAMA. 2015;313(9):897-8. PubMed PMID: 25654581.

Rajaram R, Chung JW, Kinnier CV, Barnard C, Mohanty S, Pavey ES, McHugh MC, Bilimoria KY. Hospital Characteristics Associated With Penalties in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program. JAMA. 2015;314(4):375-83. PubMed PMID: 26219055

Bilimoria KY, Barnard C. The New CMS Hospital Quality Star Ratings: The Stars Are Not Aligned. JAMA. 2016;316(17):1761-2. PubMed PMID: 27802552.

Bilimoria KY, Chung J, Ju MH, Haut ER, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY, Baker DW. Evaluation of surveillance bias and the validity of the venous thromboembolism quality measure. JAMA. 2013;310(14):1482-9. PubMed PMID: 24100354.

Overview

  • The Illiana Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC) comprises over 50 hospitals in Illinois and Indiana.  ISQIC provides participating hospitals with a formal quality and process improvement training curriculum, surgeon mentors, and process improvement coaches as well as financial support for the implementation of QI initiatives.  ISQIC hospitals work together to improve surgical quality and safety by sharing their experiences, best practices, successes, and failures. In addition, ISQIC hospitals report and receive comparative feedback on key process measures with the ability to view and compare empirical data about hospital performance and participate in the ISQIC initiatives. Hospitals are equipped to use their data to successfully implement quality improvement (QI) initiatives and improve care.


Research Team

  • Lead faculty: Anthony Yang, MD, MS; Ryan Merkow, MD MS; Karl Bilimoria, MD, MS

  • Collaborating Faculty: Josh Waters, MD; Eugene Ceppa, MD; Thomas Birdas, MD; Jeanette Chung, PhD; Julie Johnson, MSPH, PhD; Yue-Yung Hu, MD, MPH; Nisha Mohindra, MD; David Odell, MD, MMSc; Mehul Raval, MD, MS; Sean Sachdev, MD; Sanjay Mohanty, MD; Ryan Ellis, MD, MS; Tarik Yuce, MD, MS; Katie Ross-Driscoll, PhD; Emma Holler, PhD

  • Current Fellows: Kristen Kaiser, MD; Jackson Baril, MD; Meghan Lark, MD; Austin Airhart, MD; Alexa Hughes, MD; Andrew Thyen, MD; Sarah Huber, MD

  • Past Fellows: Casey Silver, MD; Tyler Robinson, MD

  • Staff: Brianna D’Orazio, MPH; Nathan Monson, MS; Hannah Allison, MS; Katie Ernsberger, MPH; Brian Ruedinger, PhD


Funding Sources

  • Statewide collaboratives are supported by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Illinois and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01HS024516) and reflect a partnership with the American College of Surgeons.


Selected High-Impact Publications

Yuce TK, Yang AD, Johnson JK, Odell DD, Love R, Kreutzer L, Schlick CJR, Zambrano MI, Shan Y, O'Leary KJ, Halverson A, Bilimoria KY. Association Between Implementing Comprehensive Learning Collaborative Strategies in a Statewide Collaborative and Changes in Hospital Safety Culture. JAMA Surg. 2020 Aug 12:e202842.

Berger ER, Kreutzer L, Halverson A, Yang AD, Reinhart S, Leary KJO, Williams MV, Bilimoria KY, Johnson JK; ISQIC Advisory Committee. Evaluation of Changes in Quality Improvement Knowledge Following a Formal Educational Curriculum Within a Statewide Learning Collaborative. J Surg Educ. 2020 Jun 15:S1931-7204(20)30133-1.

Yang AD, Hewitt DB, Blay E Jr, Kreutzer LJ, Quinn CM, Cradock KA, Prachand V, Bilimoria KY; Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC). Multi-institution Evaluation of Adherence to Comprehensive Postoperative VTE Chemoprophylaxis. Ann Surg. 2020 Jun;271(6):1072-1079.

McGee MF, Kreutzer L, Quinn CM, Yang A, Shan Y, Halverson AL, Love R, Johnson JK, Prachand V, Bilimoria KY; Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC). Leveraging a Comprehensive Program to Implement a Colorectal Surgical Site Infection Reduction Bundle in a Statewide Quality Improvement Collaborative. Ann Surg. 2019 Oct;270(4):701-711.

Berian JR, Thomas JM, Minami CA, Farrell PR, O'Leary KJ, Williams MV, Prachand VN, Halverson AL, Bilimoria KY, Johnson JK. Evaluation of a novel mentor program to improve surgical care for US hospitals. Int J Qual Health Care. 2017 Apr 1;29(2):234-242.

Overview

To date, most surgical quality improvement efforts have focused on preoperative and postoperative quality and safety with less work focusing on intraoperative care or surgical technique.  Moreover, surgeons rarely receive feedback on their technical skills once done with training. Thus, we have developed multiple initiatives to leverage surgical video to improve surgeon technical skills.  This is particularly valuable in the education of surgical trainees as well. This is done through peer coaching, scoring and comments from peers, and group discussions. Video-based feedback for the improvement of surgical technique leverages video of surgical procedures to facilitate discussions and learning.  This work is carried out in the IU health system and through the Iliana Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC). 


Research Team

  • Lead faculty: Karl Bilimoria, MD, MS; Anthony Yang, MD, MS

  • Collaborating Faculty: Brian Gray, MD; Brian Carr, MD; Ambar Banerjee, MD; Sanjay Mohanty, MD, MS; Dimitrios Stefanidis, MD; Amy Holmstrom, MD

  • Past Fellows: Bona Ko, MD, MPH; Andres Guerra, MD; Andrew Hu, MD; Brian Nasca, MD; Arielle Thomas, MD, MPH

  • Staff: Brianna D’Orazio, MPH; Nathan Monson, MS; Katie Ernsberger, MPH


Funding Sources

  • Video coaching efforts are supported by IU SOQIC, ISQIC/BCBS-IL


Selected High-Impact Publications

Brajcich BC, Stulberg JJ, Palis BE, Chung JW, Huang R, Nelson H, Bilimoria KY. Association Between Surgical Technical Skill and Long-term Survival for Colon Cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2021;7(1):127–129.

Stulberg JJ, Huang R, Kreutzer L, Ban K, Champagne BJ, Steele SE, Johnson JK, Holl JL, Greenberg CC, Bilimoria KY. Association Between Surgeon Technical Skills and Patient Outcomes. JAMA Surg. 2020;155(10):960-968.

Schlick CJR, Bilimoria KY, Stulberg JJ. Video-Based Feedback for the Improvement of Surgical Technique: A Platform for Remote Review and Improvement of Surgical Technique. JAMA Surg. Published online September 9, 2020.


Overview

To identify opportunities to inform and improve the quality and delivery of surgical care, IU SOQIC researchers have conducted hundreds of outcomes research studies and developed tools to help clinicians provide better care.


Research Team

  • Lead faculty: Anthony Yang, MD, MS and Ryan Merkow, MD, MS

  • Collaborating Faculty: Karl Bilimoria, MD, MS; Yue-Yung Hu, MD, MPH; David Odell, MD, MMSc; Sanjay Mohanty, MD MS

  • Staff: Brianna D’Orazio, MPH


Funding Sources

  • IU SOQIC’s Perioperative Patient Safety and Surgical Safety efforts have been supported by the NIH, AHRQ, BCBS-IL, and numerous other organizations and societies.


Selected High-Impact Publications

Yang AD, Bilimoria KY. Accurately Measuring Hospital Venous Thromboembolism Prevention Efforts. JAMA. 2016;315(19):2113-4. PubMed PMID: 27187304.

Merkow RP, Ju MH, Chung JW, Hall BL, Cohen ME, Williams MV, Tsai TC, Ko CY, Bilimoria KY. Underlying reasons associated with hospital readmission following surgery in the United States. JAMA. 2015 Feb 3;313(5):483-95. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.18614. PMID: 25647204.

Bilimoria KY, Liu YM, Paruch JL, Zhou L, Kmiecik TE, Ko CY, Cohen ME. Development and Evaluation of the Universal ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator: A Decision Aid and Informed Consent Tool for Patients and Surgeons. J Am Coll Surgeons. 2013;217(5):833-+. PubMed PMID: WOS:000325759500011.

Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Talamonti MS, Stewart AK, Winchester DP, Ko CY. Risk-based selective referral for cancer surgery: a potential strategy to improve perioperative outcomes. Ann Surg. 2010;251(4):708-16. PubMed PMID: 19898231.

Bilimoria KY, Cohen ME, Ingraham AM, Bentrem DJ, Richards K, Hall BL, Ko CY. Effect of postdischarge morbidity and mortality on comparisons of hospital surgical quality. Ann Surg. 2010;252(1):183-90. PubMed PMID: 20531000.

Overview

Performance measurement has become integrated into national, regional, and local initiatives to improve healthcare quality, safety, outcomes, and equity in the U.S.  Programs and policies increasingly tie reimbursement and reputation to performance. Patients often select where to seek care based on these ratings of healthcare quality, and payers and purchasers often use the ratings to direct patients on where to receive care. Our work in this space has focused on evaluating the scientific properties of healthcare performance measures and methodology underlying public and private quality ratings programs. Much of our research investigates measurement and program methodology to identify potential unintended consequences that may arise from issues related to measurement or methodology. Our objective has been to improve performance measurement, so stakeholders have better measures upon which to base their decisions regarding hospital performance. Our work in this space has frequently been published in high-impact journals such as JAMA and resulted in changes national policies and measurement programs, including those of U.S News, Vizient, and Medicare.


Research Team

  • Lead faculty: Karl Y. Bilimoria, MD, MS; Jeanette W. Chung, PhD

  • Collaborating Faculty: Cynthia Barnard, PhD, MBA, MSJS; Ryan P. Merkow, MD, MS

  • Current Fellows: Michael Visenio, MD

  • Past Fellows: Julia R. Berian, MD, MS; Eddie Blay, Jr., MD, MS; John Oliver DeLancey, MD; Mila H. Ju, MD, MS; Christine V. Kinnier, MD, MS; Jason B. Liu, MD; Christine A. Minami, MD, MS; Jennifer L. Paruch, MD, MS; Ravi Rajaram, MD, MSC

  • Staff: Brianna D’Orazio, MPH


Selected High-Impact Publications

Bilimoria KY, Chung J, Ju MH, Haut ER, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY, Baker DW. Evaluation of Surveillance Bias and the Validity of the Venous Thromboembolism Quality Measure. JAMA. 2013;310(14):1482-1489. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280048

 

Kinnier CV, Barnard C, Bilimoria KY. The Need to Revisit VTE Quality Measures. JAMA. 2014;312(3):286-287. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.1841

Merkow, RP, Chung JW, Paruch JL, Bentrem DJ, Bilimoria KY. Relationship Between Cancer Center Accreditation and Performance on Publicly Reported Quality Measures. Annals of Surgery. 2014; 259(6):1091-1097. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000000542

Bilimoria, KY. Facilitating Quality Improvement: Pushing the Pendulum Back Toward Process Measures. JAMA. 2015;314(13):1333-1334. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.12470

Rajaram R, Barnard C, Bilimoria KY. Concerns About Using the Patient Safety Indicator-90 Composite in Pay-for-Performance Programs. JAMA. 2015;313(9):897-898. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.52

Rajaram R, Chung JW, Kinnier CV, Barnard C, Mohanty S, Pavey ES, McHugh MC, Bilimoria KY.  Hospital Characteristics Associated With Penalties in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program. JAMA. 2015;314(4):375-383. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.8609

Bilimoria KY, Barnard C. The New CMS Hospital Quality Star Ratings: The Stars Are Not Aligned. JAMA. 2016;316(17):1761-1762. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.13679

Kinnier CV, Ju MH, Kmiecik T, Barnard C, Halverson T, Yang AD, Caprini J, Kreutzer L, Bilimoria KY. Development of a Novel Composite Process Measure for Venous Thrombembolism Prophylaxis. Medical Care. 2016;54(2):210-217.

Yang AD, Bilimoria KY. Accurately Measuring Hospital Venous Thromboembolism Prevention Efforts. JAMA. 2016;315(19):2113-2114. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5422

Minami CA, Dahlke AR, Barnard C, Kinnier CV, Rajaram RR, Noskin GA, Bilimoria KY. Association Between Hospital Characteristics and Performance on the New Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program’s Surgical Site Infection Measures. JAMA Surg. 2016;151(8):777-779. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.0408

DeLancey JO, Softcheck J, Chung JW, Barnard C, Dahlke AR, Bilimoria KY. Associations Between Hospital Characteristics, Measure Reporting, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Overall Hospital Quality Star Ratings. JAMA. 2017;317(19):2015-2017. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.3148

Blay Jr E, Huang R, Chung JW, Yang AD, DeLancey JO, Merkow RP, Barnard C, Bilimoria KY. Evaluating the Impact of the Venous Thromboembolism Outcome Measure on the PSI 90 Composite Quality Metric. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety. 2019;45(3):148-155. doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.08.009

Bilimoria KY, Birkmeyer JD, Burstin H, Dimick, Joynt Maddox KE, Dahlke AR, DeLancey JO, Pronovost PJ. Rating the Raters: An Evaluation of Publicly Reported Hospital Quality Rating Systems. Rating the Raters: An Evaluation of Publicly Reported Hospital Quality Rating Systems. NEJM Catalyst. 2019; 5(4).

Chung JW, Dahlke AR, Barnard C, DeLancey JO, Merkow RP, Bilimoria KY. The Centers For Medicare And Medicaid Services Hospital Ratings: Pitfalls Of Grading On A Single Curve. Health Affairs. 2019;38(9):1523-1529. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05345

Bilimoria KY, Barnard C. An Evolving Hospital Quality Star Rating System From CMS: Aligning the Stars. JAMA. 2021;325(21):2151-2152. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6946