To some, the winter months are a time filled with laughter, family and lots of snow. But for others, this time of the year can be very daunting.
Seasonal affective disorder, also known as SAD, is considered a form of depression and typically occurs during the fall and winter months. During these times, people with the condition may experience a decrease in energy, difficulty concentrating, physical aches and loss of interest in things that used to bring joy.
Andrew Brown, PhD, staff psychologist in the Indiana University School of Medicine's Department of Mental Health Services, said although it's not fully understood, seasonal affective disorder is thought to be caused by the reduced daylight, changes in physical activity and the shift in temperatures people often experience in colder months.
Although rare, some people may experience SAD symptoms in the summer months. Like the winter, this could be due to a possible disruption in their circadian rhythm.
Brown explained that when it comes to combating seasonal affective disorder, preparation is essential.
He said anyone experiencing symptoms of SAD should talk to their doctor who can identify other related causes and test their Vitamin D levels. A doctor might also help to identify a supplement or medication that can be taken during the months when seasonal affective disorder is the worst.
Brown also suggests finding mental health support. Whether that means finding a therapist, engaging in light therapy or talking to a trusted friend or mentor. The various forms of therapy can also help mitigate some symptoms of SAD such as negative thoughts, disengaging from coping strategies or adopting unhealthy behaviors.
Brown said it's important to discover ways to find joy in the winter months.
"Ask yourself, 'When do I typically feel like I struggle and what are some ways I can find things that are enjoyable to combat that?'" Brown said.
If you do not mind the colder temperatures outside, you could explore physical activities such as ice skating, sledding or snowboarding. However, if you prefer warmer options and find yourself loving to stay in the house, you can drink hot beverages, curl up under a weighted blanket or read a book by the fireplace.
If you know someone that is currently experiencing or has experienced seasonal affective disorder, there are things that you can do as a family member, friend or loved one to provide support.
"One of the most important things is just checking in," Brown said. "What can be nefarious about SAD is that it doesn’t just happen. It can be a gradual change as the seasons are changing and a lot of people don’t even realize that they can meet the criteria for SAD."
Maintaining connections and being sure to reach out to friends and family — whether that be through video chats, phone calls or in-person meet-ups — can help someone who might feel alone.
