Radhakrishnan Lab

The research lab of Rupa Radhakrishnan MBBS MS is involved in imaging research in maternal and pediatric populations. The primary research focus of the Radhakrishnan Lab is to understand causes and consequences of developmental injury to the fetus and neonatal brain assessed using advanced placental, fetal and neonatal magnetic resonance imaging, particularly in the setting of prenatal substance exposure. The Radhakrishnan Lab also collaborates with multiple clinical teams on imaging related research.

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Stay in the loop on current and past publications by the Radhakrishnan Lab.

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Fetal brain MRI

Imaging the fetal brain is challenging as the fetus moves unpredictably during image acquisition resulting in motion degraded images. The lab has created a workflow to create high resolution images from these motion degraded lower resolution images. Additionally, the lab uses these high resolution fetal brain MR images to quantify regional brain volumes, as well as performs placental imaging and quantitative segmentation.

Neonatal brain MRI processing

The lab has expertise in obtaining high quality brain MRI in neonates and young infants without the use of anesthesia using the feed and swaddle technique. Multimodal neonatal and infant brain MR imaging – anatomic, diffusion and BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) resting state functional MRI are analyzed to understand developmental and functional alterations in the neonatal and infant brain in various conditions. More recently, the lab has investigated infant brain alterations in the setting of prenatal substance exposure.

Collaborative clinical imaging research

The lab collaborates with multiple clinical teams to provide quantitative image analysis services for clinical research. The image on the left shows diffusion tractography in a patient prior to and after laser corpus callosotomy.

In the Media

RSNA Press Release: Prenatal Opioid Exposure May Alter Brain Function in Babies

CBC White Coat, Black Art· Dr. Brian's BLOG. Prenatal exposure to opioids may alter brain development: study

Reporter’s Notebook: News From RSNA 2019 Radiology Today Vol. 21 No. 2 P. 22

Physician’s Briefing Staff Health Day Reporter

MedicalResearch.com: Interview with Dr. Rupa Radhakrishnan - altered brain functional connectivity in infants exposed to opioids in the womb

AuntMinnie.com - fMRI finds opioids may alter brain function in babies

HealthManagement.org. RSNA 2019: Prenatal Opioid Exposure May Alter Brain Function in Babies

Active Grant Funding

Neuroimaging in Pregnancy to Assess Effects of Opioid Use Disorder

1R03DA056797-01A1 PI: Radhakrishnan 2023-2024
Goal: In this study we evaluate pregnant maternal brain alterations and their associations with outcomes in prenatal opioid exposure.
Role: PI
Statistical methods for longitudinal integrated mechanistic modeling of multiview data

R01MH126970-01A1 PI: Zhao Y 2022-2027
Role: Co-I
COVID-19 Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists at Indiana University School of Medicine

#2021258 MPI: Edmonds BT, Allen M 2021-2023
Goal: This fund is used to pilot a project to assess adolescent brain development in prenatal substance exposure using the large ABCD dataset.
Role: Co-I (subaward PI)
MINDS Imaging Ancillary Study

R01HL152740 PI: Panigrahy A 2021-2024
Goal: In this multicenter study, neuroimaging and cognitive metrics are used to assess brain structural and functional and cognitive outcomes in adult subjects with congenital heart disease.
Role: Site PI
Early prediction of withdrawal in infants with prenatal opioid exposure using quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy

(CTR) PI: Ferradal S 2021-2023
Goal: In this study we will use quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy to identify differences in brain perfusion in prenatal opioid exposed infants, and whether these perfusion differences would predict severity of withdrawal symptoms
Role: Co-I
Effects of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy On Long-Term Maternal And Child Outcomes

R01HD096800 PI: Sadhasivam S 2018-2023
Goals: In this study we will identify pharmacogenetic biomarkers in maternal and cord blood that will correlate with maternal and infant outcomes in maternal opioid use disorder. We will identify how fetal brain structure and infant brain functional and structural network connectivity are related to underlying opioid receptor genetics and their utility in prediction of outcomes.
Role: Site PI

Awarded, but declined

Effect of prenatal exposure to opioids on structure and function of the developing brain

Showalter Trust PI: Radhakrishnan, R 2018-2019
Awarded but declined by PI.
Role- PI.

Completed Grants

Effect of Pre-eclamptic Milieu on Neonatal Brain Perfusion, Growth and Function

ASPNR Research award PI: Radhakrishnan, R 2019 - 2021
Goals: In this study, we will use advanced MR imaging methods to understand how maternal preeclampsia affects the developing premature infant brain and whether preeclampsia compounds brain injury which can be caused by prematurity.
Role: PI
Effect of prenatal exposure to opioids on structure and function of the developing brain

RSNA seed grant PI: Radhakrishnan, R 2018 - 2022
Goals: In this study, we will use advanced MR imaging methods to understand how antenatal exposue to opioids affects the structure and function of the developing brain and how these changes relate to the severity of withdrawal symptoms or neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Role: PI
Predicting Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

ARRS Scholar Career development grant PI: Radhakrishnan, R 2018-2021
Goals: In this study we plan to identify neuroimaging changes in infants exposed to opioids and their correlation with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6 months.
Role: PI
Ultrasound elastography in animal model hydrocephalus

Indiana University Collaborative Research Grant PI: Forbes-Armhein, Blazer-Yost, Raskin, Radhakrishnan
Goals: This study will focus on examining changes in brain parenchyma with increases in intraventricular volume and pressure in rat model hydrocephalus.
Role: Co-PI
Concordance of Ultrasound versus MRI or CT in the assessment of ventriculomegaly

Radiology Project Development award PI: Radhakrishnan, R 2017-2018
Goals: Accurate measure of ventricular size is important for ensuring consistency of care in infants with hydrocephalus. In this study we plan to validate ventricular measurements across different modalities with ventricular volumes in a large sample of infants, to develop standardized measurement techniques.
Role: PI