One of Dr. Shah's clinical neurosurgery subspecializations is minimally invasive skull base surgery, a technique that is widely applied for treating brain tumors. He has been a faculty member of the IU School of Medicine since 1994.

Within IUSM, Dr. Shah has held numerous appointments, including Director of Skull Base Surgery, Director of Neurosurgery Service at Veterans Hospital, and Vice Chairman of the IU Department of Neurological Surgery. He has have an ongoing role in the IU Health Neuro-oncology Program. Dr. Shah was named Interim Chair of the Department of Neurological Surgery in April 2022.

Dr. Shah is active on the national level as a member of professional societies for which he has held numerous appointments and offices: the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, the North American Skull Base Society, the Neurosurgical Society of America, and the Society of Neurological Surgeons. He is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons and serves on the editorial review boards of noteworthy journals, including Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery, Stroke, and the Journal of Neuro-Oncology.

Dr. Shah treats a wide range of conditions and diseases. His neurosurgical observations and investigations in neuro-oncology are documented in numerous peer-reviewed publications.