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Substance Use Disorders
Substance use disorders are manifested by at least two of the following, occurring within a 12-month period:
- Substances taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended
- Presence of a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control the substance use
- Time spent in activities necessary to obtain, use or recover from a substance’s effects
- Craving or urge to use substance
- Recurrent substance use resulted in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school or home
- Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects
- Important social, occupational or recreational activities were given up or reduced because of substance use
- Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous
- Substance use continues despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by a substance
- Tolerance, defined by either a need for markedly increased amounts of a substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect or a markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of substance
- Withdrawal, as manifested by either the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for a substance, or a substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms
